The chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been identified as one of the mechanisms for HIV attachment and entry into T cells. The following study, Topical Glucocorticoid Therapy Directly Induces Up-Regulation of Functional CXCR4 on Primed T Lymphocytes in the Aqueous Humor of Patients with Uveitis, notes the connection between cortisol's depletion of T cells and its upregulating of CXCR4.Indeed, a strong inverse relationship between endogenous cortisol levels in patients with AIDS and the number of circulating CD4+ T cells has been reported previously (59); it is likely that this association reflects CXCR4 induction. The current study suggests considerable caution should be used before the use of any form of glucocorticoid therapy in HIV-infected patients.
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